Husserl, Hegel, Heidegger
From Being and Nothingness: A Phenomenological Essay on
Ontology
Jean Paul Sartre
Solipsism – the idea that only your existence is real.
There is our existence, and the other.
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Solipsism prevents the fusion of those ideas.
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However, the other can be realized through
knowledge.
Husserl – The world is revealed to consciousness is inter
monadic.
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Our reality is a function of the otherness of
being.
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It is a permanent condition of unity.
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To doubt the reality of something is doubt part
of my empirical reality.
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The existence of the world is measured by our
knowledge of it.
o
The same holds true for the other.
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Husserl reduced being to a series of meanings.
o
The only connection to being of an other can
only be through knowledge.
Hegel viewed ego as the existence of consciousness.
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It is pure existence for itself.
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It has certitude of itself, but does not have
truth.
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Ego tends to objectify itself to manifest
existence..
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The other is the one who is not me and:
o
we give
the other a non essential objective with a character of negativity.
o
But the other is a self conscious and appears as
a concrete object in the being of life.
§
As I appear concrete to the other.
o
In this manner our consciousness supports each
other through their own being..
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Our Egos become aware of the self by the
reflection o others.
o
Our Being manifests relative to the recognition
of the other.
o
I impose the other as an object, therefore I see
myself as an object.
o
The value of the recognition of the other
depends on the other valuation of me.
o
Self consciousness is real only to the extent it
recognizes the echo in the other.
If Being is reduced to the sum of experiences and knowledge,
then we can’t view others in the same manner as we perceive them as objects.
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I posit others in terms of my being.
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I must understand myself as being before I can
view others as being.
Sartre’s point so far: If we are to refute solipsism, then
my relation to the other must be being to being and not knowledge to knowledge.
Heidegger established:
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relation between humans must be being to being.
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The relationship must cause human realities to
depend on one another in their essential being.
Heidegger Definitions:
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World – that by which human reality makes known
to itself what it is.
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Being-in – The mode in which reality is its
being in the world.
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Being – Being – with.
Consciousness becomes the human reality which is revealed to
him and for which he seeks to fix structures in concepts of his own.
Comprehension of the self is apprehended being-with others
as an essential characteristic of my being.
Husserl and Hegel was being for him for me and me for him.
Heidegger was Being in or Being with.
Through the world I make known to myself what I am.
The other turns from you and I to we.
It is the existence in common with the others.
It is communication that becomes the common ground for
personal revelation and responds to the Being in other.
Sartre refutes Heidegger because our reality encounters the
other, we do not constitute them.
Heidegger proves the solution to be found, but not the
solution itself.
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He establishes a co-existence with others rather
than a relational opposition.
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It is the identification and storage of objects a similar
function of transmission theory.
Heidegger’s being with is not knowledge.
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It is mute existence in common with another.
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A co-existence:
o
We recognize a common solitude once we perceive
our morality.
o
Once we recognize our own common solitude then
we recognize it in others.
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Heidegger’s reality is outside itself, but it is
the definition of self.
Reference
Sartre, J.P. (2004). “Husserl, Hegel, Heidegger.” In D.K.
Keenan. Hegel and Contemporary continental Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York Press
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